2025 版核心能力中哪些地方提到提问

八项能力中，直接写到“提问”的是第 7 项 Evokes Awareness（唤起觉察）。

第 7 项的定义把 "powerful questioning" 与 "silence, metaphor or analogy" 并列，作为促进客户洞察和学习的工具与技巧。

第 7 项下有两条子能力直接以提问开头：

• 7.03：就客户本身提问，例如客户的思维方式、价值观、需要、想要和信念（本站概括）；
• 7.04：原文 "Asks questions that help the client explore beyond current thinking"（本站译文：提出帮助客户在现有思维之外探索的问题）。

第 7 项另有几条子能力虽未出现“question”一词，但写的是邀请客户自己产出：

• 7.05：邀请客户多讲讲当下的体验（本站概括）；
• 7.09：邀请客户自己提出向前推进的想法，以及愿意或能够做什么（本站概括）。

其他能力中与提问、好奇、探询相关的表述：

• 第 2 项 Embodies a Coaching Mindset（体现教练心态）：定义写明心态 "open, curious, flexible and client-centered"；2.09 写到在自己、客户和教练过程中培养开放与好奇；
• 第 5 项 Maintains Presence（保持临在）：5.02 原文 "Demonstrates curiosity during the coaching process"；
• 第 6 项 Listens Actively（积极聆听）：6.03 写到察觉客户的表达另有内容时加以探询（"inquires"）；
• 第 8 项 Facilitates Client Growth（促进客户成长）：8.05 写到邀请客户思考如何推进，包括资源、支持和可能的障碍。

子能力全文请看 ICF 原文件。

来源：

• ICF：2025 版核心能力（PDF）

ICF 怎样描述提问的作用

2025 版核心能力附录术语表对 "Powerful Questioning" 的解释："The use of thought-provoking questions to stimulate deeper thinking and reflection in clients."

本站译文：运用引人思考的问题，激发客户更深入的思考与反思。

同一术语表对 "Insights" 的解释是教练过程中浮现、带来个人成长的新理解或领悟（本站概括）。

第 7 项的定义把提问放在“促进客户洞察和学习”之下，提问是所列工具之一，不是唯一工具。

三份最低技能要求在第 7 项的关键技能（Key Skills）中写法相同：教练运用问题、观察、沉默及其他技巧，支持客户获得洞察。原文开头为 "The coach uses questions, observations, silence, and other techniques to support the client"。

ICF 未单独说明“好问题”的标准，也未给出提问类型的分类。

来源：

• ICF：2025 版核心能力（PDF）
• ICF：PCC Minimum Skills Requirements（PDF）

最低技能要求是什么

ICF 为 ACC、PCC、MCC 三级分别发布最低技能要求（Minimum Skills Requirements），三份 PDF 均标注 rev. 1.26.2026。

ICF 在 2025 年 9 月介绍核心能力更新的博客中写明，修订核心能力时也修订了最低技能要求（原文 "we also refined the Minimum Skills Requirements"）。三份 PDF 本身只写 "The document follows the ICF Core Competencies"，未注明版本。

每份文件说明其目的是列出在该级别展现能力所需的基本技能。

文件按八项能力分列，每项下通常有三部分：

• Key Skills（关键技能）；
• Behaviors Consistent With ICF Coaching Standards（与 ICF 教练标准相符的行为）；
• Behaviors Inconsistent With ICF Coaching Standards（与 ICF 教练标准不符的行为）。

PCC 评估标准页说明，评估员用 PCC 最低技能要求衡量录音中的技能，并写明这些最低技能 "aren't meant to be a simple checklist"，不是通过评估的公式。PCC 标识（PCC Markers）与该页的关系见术语对照。

ACC、MCC 评估标准页写明，这些要求列出了可能导致该级别录音评估不通过的“non-coaching behaviors”（非教练行为）。

2026—2027 年录音评估安排的变化见《ICF 认证 2026—2027 年规则变化》。

来源：

• ICF：ACC 评估标准
• ICF：PCC 评估标准
• ICF：MCC 评估标准
• ICF：ACC Minimum Skills Requirements（PDF）
• ICF：PCC Minimum Skills Requirements（PDF）
• ICF：MCC Minimum Skills Requirements（PDF）
• ICF：核心能力更新介绍（2025 年 9 月）

三个级别怎样描述提问

下表摘自三份最低技能要求第 7 项“与标准相符的行为”中写到提问的一条，英文为 ICF 原文：

三级的共同之处是开放式问题、一次一个（one at a time）。

用词上的差异（本站整理，仅对照原文用词，不代表 ICF 对级别差异的解释）：

• ACC 写 "clear"；
• PCC 写 "clear, direct, primarily open-ended"，并提到提问的节奏；
• MCC 写 "succinct"，并把提问与激发客户的新洞察写在一起。

PCC 第 7 项“相符的行为”中另有两条与提问相关：

• 就客户本身提问，如其当下的思维、感受、价值观等（本站概括）；
• 提问帮助客户在现有思维或感受之外探索（本站概括）。

PCC 第 7 项还写有 "Coach allows the client to do most of the talking."（本站译文：教练让客户承担大部分的讲话。）

PCC 第 6 项写到，教练的问题和观察要结合对客户的了解来定制，不应主要使用泛泛的问题（本站概括）。

MCC 文件未说明与 PCC 的差别。

来源：

• ICF：ACC Minimum Skills Requirements（PDF）
• ICF：PCC Minimum Skills Requirements（PDF）
• ICF：MCC Minimum Skills Requirements（PDF）
• ICF：PCC 评估标准

ICF 列为与标准不符的提问相关行为

以下摘自三份最低技能要求“与标准不符的行为”部分，只列与提问直接相关的条目，为本站概括，引号内为 ICF 原文。

ACC（第 7 项）：

• "The majority of the coach's questions and observations are leading, closed, or contain predetermined answers."（本站译文：教练的问题和观察多数是引导性的、封闭的，或预设了答案。）
• 问题和观察反映的是教练的议题，而不是客户表明的议题或焦点；
• 不给客户足够空间考虑并回应一个问题；
• 问题和观察主要集中在怎样达成预期结果，而没有同时作其他探索。

PCC（第 7 项）：

• 不提开放式问题，使客户无法探索或重新确认自己的想法和感受等；
• "The coach asks questions that lead the client toward the coach's perspective"（本站译文：教练的提问把客户引向教练的视角）；
• 说话过于冗长、复杂或令客户困惑；
• 不给客户足够空间回应问题或观察。

PCC（第 6 项）：不利用客户的语言或非语言信息来组织问题；主要使用泛泛的问题和观察，而不结合客户的具体用词。

MCC（第 7 项）：

• 不给客户足够的反思空间；
• 在客户可能仍需更深入思考时，把客户推向解决方案；
• 不能运用问题、观察、洞察、沉默等技巧。

MCC（第 4 项）：原文 "The coach's behavior reflects a lack of curiosity about the client's experience"（本站译文：教练的行为显示对客户的经历缺乏好奇）。

三级文件第 1 项都把整场对话以给建议、告诉客户做什么为主列为不符的行为。

ICF 三份文件均未使用 "stacked questions" 或 "multiple questions" 的说法；三份文件“相符的行为”中都写有 "one at a time"。

ICF 未说明录音中出现几项不符的行为会导致评估不通过，也未说明各项的权重。

来源：

• ICF：ACC Minimum Skills Requirements（PDF）
• ICF：PCC Minimum Skills Requirements（PDF）
• ICF：MCC Minimum Skills Requirements（PDF）
• ICF：ACC 评估标准
• ICF：MCC 评估标准

ICF 未说明的事项

以下各项 ICF 未说明，以 ICF 官网为准：

• “好问题”的具体标准和提问类型分类；
• MCC 与 PCC 在提问上的差别如何判定；
• 录音中出现几项不符的行为会导致评估不通过，各项权重如何。

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Who this is for: coaches unsure what to ask in a session, and candidates preparing for an ICF performance evaluation who want to know what ICF looks for in questioning.

What it covers: where the 2025 Core Competencies refer to questions, curiosity and client insight; how ICF describes the purpose of questions; what the ACC, PCC and MCC Minimum Skills Requirements say about questioning; and the question-related behaviours ICF lists as inconsistent with its standards. For the overall structure see our Core Competencies overview; for terms see our glossary.

Where the Core Competencies mention questions

Competency 7, Evokes Awareness, is the only one that names questioning directly. Its definition lists "powerful questioning" alongside "silence, metaphor or analogy" as tools for client insight and learning. Two sub-competencies start with asking questions: 7.03 (questions about the client, such as their way of thinking, values, needs, wants and beliefs) and 7.04 ("Asks questions that help the client explore beyond current thinking"). Others invite the client to share more (7.05) or to generate ideas for moving forward (7.09).

Related wording elsewhere: Competency 2 describes a mindset that is "open, curious, flexible and client-centered" (see also 2.09); 5.02 reads "Demonstrates curiosity during the coaching process"; 6.03 refers to the coach inquiring when there is more to what the client is communicating; 8.05 refers to inviting the client to consider how to move forward.

The purpose of questions

The glossary in the 2025 document defines Powerful Questioning as "The use of thought-provoking questions to stimulate deeper thinking and reflection in clients." Questioning is one of several tools under Competency 7. All three Minimum Skills Requirements open the Competency 7 Key Skills with "The coach uses questions, observations, silence, and other techniques to support the client" in gaining insight. ICF does not set out criteria for a "good question" or a typology of questions.

The Minimum Skills Requirements

ICF publishes separate Minimum Skills Requirements for ACC, PCC and MCC, each marked rev. 1.26.2026. ICF's September 2025 post on the Core Competencies update says that while revising the competencies "we also refined the Minimum Skills Requirements"; the PDFs themselves say only "The document follows the ICF Core Competencies," without naming an edition. For each competency they list Key Skills, Behaviors Consistent With ICF Coaching Standards and Behaviors Inconsistent With ICF Coaching Standards. The PCC criteria page says assessors use them to measure skills in recordings and that they "aren't meant to be a simple checklist". The ACC and MCC criteria pages say they highlight "non-coaching behaviors" that could lead to an unsuccessful performance evaluation at that level.

Questioning at each level

From the Competency 7 consistent behaviours:

All three specify open-ended questions, one at a time. The PCC document also says "Coach allows the client to do most of the talking," and under Competency 6 calls for questions customised to the client rather than general ones. The MCC document does not explain how it differs from PCC. (The word-by-word comparison is our own; ICF gives no interpretation of the differences.)

Behaviours ICF lists as inconsistent

• ACC, Competency 7: "The majority of the coach's questions and observations are leading, closed, or contain predetermined answers"; questions reflecting the coach's agenda rather than the client's; not leaving enough space for the client to consider and respond; questions focused mainly on how to reach the desired outcome without also exploring further.
• PCC, Competency 7: not asking open-ended questions that let the client explore or reconfirm their own thinking; "The coach asks questions that lead the client toward the coach's perspective"; overly wordy or confusing speech; not allowing enough space to respond. Competency 6: not using what the client presents to structure questions; mainly general questions rather than the client's own words.
• MCC, Competency 7: insufficient reflective space; driving the client toward solutions while the client may still need deeper thinking; not demonstrating the use of questions, observations, insights, silence or other techniques. Competency 4: "The coach's behavior reflects a lack of curiosity about the client's experience."
• All levels, Competency 1: primarily giving advice or telling the client what to do throughout the session.

None of the three documents uses the terms "stacked questions" or "multiple questions"; all three include "one at a time" among consistent behaviours. ICF does not say how many inconsistent behaviours lead to an unsuccessful evaluation or how they are weighted.

Not stated by ICF

• Criteria for a "good question" or a typology of questions.
• How MCC and PCC questioning are distinguished in assessment.
• How many inconsistent behaviours lead to an unsuccessful evaluation, and their weighting.

Sources:

• ICF: 2025 Core Competencies (PDF)
• ICF: Criteria for assessing ACC
• ICF: Criteria for assessing PCC
• ICF: Criteria for assessing MCC
• ICF: ACC Minimum Skills Requirements (PDF)
• ICF: PCC Minimum Skills Requirements (PDF)
• ICF: MCC Minimum Skills Requirements (PDF)
• ICF: The next evolution of the Core Competencies (September 2025)